6 and see Fig. Mineral deposit geologists view kimberlite as a por-phyritic alkalic peridotite with abundant phenocrysts of olivine and phlogopite. , (1, 2)] and are the major host for diamonds. All were found in Pleistocene glacial deposits or Holocene river gravel. In International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts (Vol. By Tim De Chant Monday, May 4, 2015 NOVA Next. 5-carat diamond called the “Star of South Africa” was found in 1869. Rockhounds. and Dawson identified the Igwisi Hills lava flows. The Letšeng Diamond Mine comprises two ~91 Ma kimberlite pipes. Kimberlite eruptions start near the cratonic roots, at least 75 miles underground, and race upward at tens of feet per second — a fiery fury driven by an abundance of carbon dioxide and water. Asthenospheric effect on the mantle substrate and diversity of kimberlite rocks in Zimni Bereg (Arkhangelsk Province), 9th. Kimberlite: formed in volcanic pipes and at least 35% olivine; Kimberlite is a highly brecciated variant of peridotite formed in volcanic pipes and is known for being the host rock to diamonds. ADVERTISEMENT What is Peridotite? Peridotite is a generic name used for coarse-grained, dark-colored, ultramafic igneous rocks. Kimberlite is formed under high temperature and pressure in the mantle of the earth. RM 2RFN5E5 – Kimberlite pipes are carrot-shaped volcanic pipes that. Download Raw Diamond Rough Kimberlite Rock stock photos. Extremely rare in the state, igneous rocks form from hot molten magma that pushes up toward the surface from Earth's interior then cools. As this magma reaches the surface, it explodes, creating an impact crater known as a maar. At the north end of the corridor is the Som-erset Island kimberlite field, in the middle the central Saskatchewan kimberlite field (Fort a la Corne, Stur-geon Lake, Candle Lake), and at the south end the Riley and Marshall County kimberlites in northeast Kansas. The data do indicate that the groundmass. ( 1986 ) and Rubin ( 1993 , 1995 ), and detected forming during dyke emplacement from moment tensor solutions of seismic. The paper presents data on garnets from serpentinized peridotite xenoliths in the Nyurba and Botuoba kimberlite pipes of the Nakyn kimberlite field. 1973; Eggler 1989; Sparks et al. S. The first Kimberlites were described by Vanuxen in 1837 from Ludlowiville near Ithaca, New York state; however, the term Kimberlite was introduced by Lewis (1887) to describe the diamond-bearing, porphyritic mica peridotites of the Kimberley area of South Africa. Aluminium oxide is also used in tooth whitening and micro-dermabrasion. Often described by gem aficionados as “emerald by day, ruby by night,” alexandrite is the very rare color-change variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. RM 2DF780P – Kimberlite is an igneous rock coming from the earth's mantle, is the main diamonds deposit. 1a, Clement and Skinner, 1985; photos 72 and 79, Mitchell, 1997). The area has moderate relief, with soils developed ov erWyoming State Geological SurveyA comparative study of kimberlite rocks exposed in the Anantapur and Mahbubnagar districts and the reinterpretation of published data revealed considerable differences between kimberlites of. 3 carats, and about 25% of the 20,000-carat annual production is of gem quality. 56, No. Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past. 2003). It has a porphyritic texture, with large, often rounded crystals (phenocrysts) surrounded by a fine-grained matrix (groundmass). 6 ha), the Discovery Blow (0. If anyone can help me it would be greatly appreciated. Fragmental kimberlite is an umbrella term that includes autoclastic, pyroclastic,. Kimberlite is commonly found in kimberlite pipes—vertical structures in the earth's crust. Two feeders occur in FALC 140-141 and FALC 122. In addition,. You chances of extracting diamonds in matrix from rock is almost nil. Two different kimberlite rocks, i. Kimberlite occurs in the Earth's crust in vertical structures known as kimberlite pipes. The diamond is the hardest natural substance known. volcani-clastic kimberlite (VK) and hypabyssal kimberlite (HK), and granite samples were studied. There are often only a few carats of diamonds in many tons of kimberlite - but the kimberlite can be loaded with mantle-source minerals such as pyrope, garnet,. Kimberlite is actually composed of small dark glassy rocks and inclusions. Rocks: Galleries of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock photos with descriptions. The exploration history, regional geology, and general character of the volcaniclastic kimberlite rocks, coherent. Hundreds of these eruptions that occurred over the past 200 million years have been discovered around the world. Shirey. Identifying Kimberlite. S. Various; some form on the flanks of larger volcanoes. Kimberlite, a dark-coloured, heavy, often altered and brecciated (fragmented), intrusive igneous rock that contains diamonds in its rock matrix. ^ Komatiite is an ultramafic lava. Find Igneous Rock Kimberlite stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Only 1% of kimberlite is economic and these are almost always found in or above Archean cratons. Diamond-bearing kimberlites are volcanic rocks that originate deep in the Earth and are erupted onto the surface. Nayak. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Get the best deals on kimberlite when you shop the largest online selection at eBay. Aluminium oxide is also used in tooth whitening and micro-dermabrasion. The result is a broad cone at the earth’s surface that narrows into a pipe. The term blue ground refers to unoxidized slate-blue or blue-green kimberlite that occurs below the superficial oxidized zone. (2008, October). The surface area of diamond. Diamonds that have been removed from the primary source (Kimberlite) and deposited on a new environment such as a riverbed or ocean floor are referred to as. Diamond for engagement rings. Most diamonds have been transported to Earth’s surface from depths between ~120 km and ~660 km by volatile-rich magmas called kimberlites. Find Kimberlite Rock stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Prairies kimberlite pipe shapes. It was worked as a commercial diamond mine by a succession of operators in the early 1900s but closed because the deposit was subeconomic. At lower pressures, volatiles start to exsolve. 6 centimeters across). The. See the opening photo of this chapter for a larger view of this photo. Kimberlite eruptions leave behind a characteristic deep, carrot-shaped “pipe” of kimberlite rock, which often contains diamonds. The fakes might not be able to copy that. Cooper1,2 & Brian J. Free or royalty-free photos and images. 46 wt% H 2 O on a proposed primitive composition from the Jericho kimberlite show that saturation with a lherzolitic mineral assemblage occurs only at 1300–1350 °C for a carbonatitic melt with <8 wt% SiO. pyrope), orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, chromite and oxides. On Black background. ⬇ Download stock pictures of Kimberlite on Depositphotos Photo stock for commercial use - millions of high-quality, royalty-free photos & imagesRevised, 3/9/2022. ) in width. Production began in 2016, and they propose to mine three kimberlite pipes beneath Kennady Lake. The specific gravity of Kimberlite is 2. 601 kimberlite stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. The crystallized melt inclusions represent snapshots of kimberlite melts at different stages of their evolution. It has a porphyritic texture, with large, often rounded crystals. Kimberlite. Like gold they are heavy and will precipitate in the gravel above bedrock if any is present. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. the rock's original textures and chemistry. Old kimberlite mine in the Cretaceous of Kentucky, USA. In general, olivine occurring in a groundmass of calcite, perovskite, apatite, spinel and other phases form. Deyab et al. Since its original description,. Rocks are given compound names using the original main constituent minerals listed in increasing order of modal abundance (after Skinner and Clement 1979; Mitchell 1995). Extremely rare in the state, igneous rocks form from hot molten magma that pushes up toward the surface from Earth's interior then cools. Sifting through diamond exploration samples from Baffin Island, Canadian scientists have identified a new remnant of the North Atlantic craton—an ancient part of Earth's continental crust. Your exclusive membership to everything Kimberlite! • Further refinements to our AI algorithms, improving the yield optimization process. The kimberlite matrix is made up of clay minerals, presented in blue, purple and yellowish-white colors. Kimberlite formation is a complex process involving magma rising quickly through the Earth’s mantle, carrying fragments of rock and minerals from deep within. However, it is low in aluminum oxide relative to alkali oxides. Kimberlite is unique because it originates over 100 miles (150 km) deep in the. Minerals: Information about ore minerals, gem materials and rock-forming minerals. If these lesser phenocrysts dominate and the rock is. The example in Fig. Select from premium Kimberlite Rock of the highest quality. Id like to see some of that greenish blue clay. Magma and Eruption Characteristics. Several key observations on. As magma rises in a pipe during kimberlite formation, it plucks rock from the deep walls of the pipe. High quality real 3D render brilliant jewelry stock image. All Treasure Hunting. 6, from the Koala pipe, Lac de Gras. October 2, 2023. RF 2JHA563 – Hand with a simulated diamond pretending to have been found on earth. The rock from which the diamonds were extracted was creatively named kimberlite, after the town. All Treasure Hunting. It is named after the town of Kimberley in South Africa, where the finding of a large kimberlite pipe in the 1870s spawned a diamond rush. Kimberlite is a type of rock best known for sometimes containing diamonds. (A) Macrocryst Hypabyssal Kimberlite B3, 106. Free or royalty-free photos and images. P. 4 G); E — a vein-like kimberlite in K-1. Browse 376 professional kimberlite stock photos, images & pictures available royalty-free. RF 2T448E6 – Kimberlite is an igneous rock coming from the earth's mantle, is the main diamonds deposit. Geodes are spherical to subspherical rock structures with an internal cavity lined with mineral materials. Kimberlite is a type of lava that comes from depths as great as 300-350 km. The age of emplacement of the kimberlites of the Lubia cluster was constrained at 236 and 239 Ma, using U–Pb zircon and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar kelyphite methods, respectively. The bedrock kimberlite source for the diamonds is unknown but has been presumed to be in northern Canada, the only area north of Wisconsin previously known to contain. Kimberlite, a dark-coloured, heavy, often altered and brecciated (fragmented), intrusive igneous rock that contains diamonds in its rock matrix. See more ideas about rocks and minerals, rocks and gems, gems and minerals. Both Buell Park and the Green Knobs are ultramafic breccias and consist mostly of serpentinized olivine and pyroxene. A kimberlite’s variable size (50–200 m in diameter), shape (elliptical pipe or narrow, elongated dyke), competence, and degree of postglacial weathering influence the size and areal extent of dispersed. Download Diamond Kimberlite stock photos. It is found in a type of igneous rock known as kimberlite. Dec 14, 2016 - Explore ReaganD's board "Kimberlites" on Pinterest. Karen V. 3 million years ago opened a hole in the Earth's surface, sucking in some of those redwoods. Best Used for design and big posters. g. (public signage, Laurel Gorge Cultural Heritage Center, between Sandy Hook & Newfoundland, Elliott County, Kentucky, USA) Kimberlites and lamproites have tremendous economic importance because they are host rocks for gem-grade and industrial-grade diamonds. Kimberlites are highly magnesian (MgO > 25% weight) magmatic rocks. They form vertical pipelike structures that penetrate the. Kimberlite is a type of rock found in the Earth’s crust that is known to sometimes contain diamonds. , Montana. Karen V. Left: Hypabyssal kimberlite from the Grizzly 3 kimberlite, Canada (field of view 7. Find Kimberlite Rock stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Linking these patterns with known deposits of diamond-rich kimberlite rocks, they found the breakup of tectonic plates is the main driving force behind the generation and eruption of diamond-rich. Find Kimberlite Rock stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Search from Kimberlite stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. This is the zone where rapid expansion of the kimberlite magmatic fluid occurs with its attendant explosive behaviour due to the contained volatiles. 1. Kimberlite has in many ways attracted more attention than its relative volume might suggest that it deserves. Kimberlite is a gas rich potassic ultramafic igneous rock. This collection includes historic rock specimens from early Western Australian explorers such as Edward T. Kimberlite Rock stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. JERICHO KIMBERLITE. It may also occur in vertically oriented narrow sheets, or dikes. Two types of rocks in the world are known to contain diamonds - kimberlites and lamprophyres - both of which are dark, ultramafic igneous rocks. Ma) kimberlite corridor, with an extent of >4000 km (Figure 1). pegmatite, almost any wholly crystalline igneous rock that is at least in part very coarse grained, the major constituents of which include minerals typically found in ordinary igneous rocks and in which extreme textural variations, especially in grain size, are characteristic. 4. They found that over the last 500 million years, there is a pattern where the plates start to pull apart, then 22 million to 30 million years later, kimberlite eruptions peak. Do All Kimberlites Contain Diamonds? The kimberlite rock matrix contains diamonds and is also known as blue ground (kaloids). Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. One of those old mines, which is called The Big Hole or Kimberley Mine, has been turned into a. It contains the bulk of the xenoliths derived from the mantle as well as framents of wall rock. Geology. Kimberlite is an igneous rock, not a mineral or crystal, famous for containing small amounts of Diamonds, Olivine, Garnet, Ilmenite, Zircon, Spinel, and other precious stones. It is a dark-colored, heavy, frequently altered, and brecciated. It has obvious & abundant serpentinized. 5 5 4 . ShangrilaGems. Kimberlite is a type of igneous rock that is formed deep within the earth. Kimberlites are highly magnesian (MgO > 25% weight) magmatic rocks. Ravi C. Skinner and Marsh (2004) recognise similar distinct kimberlite pipe classes in other parts of the world. kimberlite. Kimberlite eruptions leave behind a characteristic deep, carrot-shaped "pipe" of kimberlite rock, which often contains diamonds. The name is derived from Kimberley, South Africa. These vertical granite formations were formed by molten rock several thousand feet underground, below and among many layers of sedimentary rock. Kimberlite diamonds make beautiful jewelry such as rings, pendants, and earrings. KK-6 is characterised. By November 16, 2023. Based on Sr-Nd whole-rock compositions, the Carolina kimberlite has affinity with Group 1 kimberlites. This intrusive igneous rock contains diamonds within its matrix. 5 m deep, hosting a diversified group of well-preserved mantle and granite xenoliths; (B) Macrocryst-rich Hypabyssal Kimberlite B4, 81. Extended Abstract 1 9th International Kimberlite Conference Extended Abstract No. Kimberlites. 89–2. Located along a logging road that runs through private property just west of Lake Ellen in Michigan, an 18-acre exposure of tuffaceous kimberlite breccia is driving the locals wild. Crystals are usually reddish and isometric. Kimberlite, as originally described by Lewis (1887, see Dawson, 1980) was a serpentinized, ultrabasic, phlogopite-bearing, diamondiferous volcanic breccia found at the Kimberley diamond mine, S Africa. Diamonds have a density of 3. As a rock, rather than a single mineral, the chemical makeup of kimberlite varies. Shirey. The occurrence of diamonds in Kimberlite rock is about 10–12 carats per 100 tonnes of kimberlite rock. More extensive workings produced less altered rock, serpentinized kimberlite,. Example. 87. l (Kjarsgaard, 2003; Gurney et al. The rock mostly represents the earth’s mantle than the crust. Decomposed peridotite can be found around old mining area and in weathered areas. The Great Dikes of Spanish Peaks Country formed during the same period of volcanic activity as the Spanish Peaks, Mt. 7075. Since then, more kimberlites have been found--the last three in the fall of. diamond in rock stock pictures, royalty-free photos & imagesBrowse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Kimberlite Rock stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Browse 632 authentic diamond ore stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional kimberlite or copper ore stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. On its way to the surface, kimberlite frequently picks up rock & mineral fragments, including diamonds. Table 2 presents annual production data from 2003 to 2014. Small (10s to 100s of m) and steep (>20°)Kimberlites are one of the rarest and most volumetrically insignificant igneous rocks, which are derived from deep-seated (>150 km) magmas that originate in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) or asthenosphere. This stone ranges from small pebbles to huge boulders and has been found throughout the world. The kimberlite rocks contain pyrope garnets which are a bit of an oddity in Pennsylvania and, even more of an oddity - Alexandrite-effect pyropes. By November 16, 2023. 03 billion years and tiny crystals. Most kimberlite exposed at the surface. Kimberlite is also referred to as blue ground and yellow ground. They found that over the last 500 million years, there is a pattern where the plates start to pull apart, then 22 million to 30 million years later, kimberlite eruptions peak. 3). Kimberlite is one of only two igneous rocks found at the surface in Kansas. Download Natural Raw Rough Kimberlite Rock stock photos. The sample has a homogeneous. Go to page. b. Kimberlite Rocks and Lamproites are mantle-derived igneous rocks that comprise the primary sources of diamond. g. Diamonds may also be found in river beds, which are called alluvial diamond sites. Kimberlite to country rock contact dips are ~ 0–60°, most commonly 15–45°. Type. Kimberlite is rare, hybrid, ultrabasic rock that forms in the earth's upper mantle and is rapidly emplaced into the earth's crust along deep seated fractures developed on or near ancient cratons. Volatile solubility in kimberlite versus pressure as determined by high-pressure experiments and thermodynamic modeling. The specimen above is a piece of kimberlite with numerous visible grains of phlogopite and a six millimeter octahedral diamond crystal of about 1. Köppen climate type: Located off Kentucky route 409. Kimberlite cleavage is conchoidal. The correlation coefficients between analytical signal grid of modelled kimberlite pipe and observed magnetic data were computed. It is a mica peridotite,Image: Wikipedia. For decades, scientists have known that volcanic eruptions of an igneous rock known as kimberlite can contain diamonds in their rock matrix, and such kimberlite hot spots can be found in South. Picture of diamond, beautiful sparkling shining round shape emerald image with reflective surface. Posted by Evelyn Mervine. It has low CaO, Al 2 O 3, Na 2 O, high K 2 O/Al 2 O 3, a relatively high MgO content and extreme enrichment in incompatible elements . This hole, now filled partly with water, is the remains of an early diamond mine in a kimberlite (a rock type named after the town of Kimberley) pipe. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. Abstract. The composition of peridotite typically. Smit and Steven B. The Buffalo Hills and Birch Mountains bodies (discovered in 1997 and 1998) areby Don Gerig October 26, 2021, 7:15 pm. In Kansas, kimberlites or kimberlite pipes (so-called because of their pipelike, three-dimensional shape) occur in a restricted, northeast-trending belt in Riley and Marshall counties (fig. Many customers find no diamonds on the surface or within the Kimberlite. Unlike other forms of peridotite, kimberlite is quite rare. Diamond In Kimberlite stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit. Kimberlite is a potassic to ultrapotassic ultramafic rock with inequigranular texture. Kimberlite, the primary host rock for diamond deposits in glaciated terrain, is a mineralogically and chemically distinct point source. 5-carat (16. Basalt is an extrusive rock, finely grained due to its rapid cooling. Find kimberlite, and you’ve got a much better chance at finding diamonds. Kimberlites contain abundant. This Review explores the origin and evolution of kimberlite melts and their insights into mantle. The domino effect brings together all the necessary ingredients to produce diamond-bearing kimberlite magma, the scientists report in Nature. Kimberlite is translucent to opaque in nature whereas its toughness is not available. "Of the more than 6,000 known kimberlite pipes in the world, about 600 contain diamonds," the Science article said. Before plotting the composition of a rock on the diagram, the. Im not certain its kimberlite. Peridotite rocks are green, mainly due to their high olivine content. Select from premium Kimberlite Rock of the highest quality. 5. Puddingstone is the unofficial name given to quartz conglomerate. UCS 8 5. The volcanic. Southwick and Chandler feel that the evidence is consistent with this being a kimberlite, but is far from conclusive. Hamilton Branch Kimberlite from the Cretaceous of Kentucky, USA (field of view ~2. Sub-Sahara in Africa and Russia together produce 80% of the. Features of the structure of dolerite sills and the top edge of hosting carbonate rocks near the kimberlite pipe Vostok in the Alakit-Markha field of Yakuta. Smit and Steven B. Best Used for design and big posters. is severely weath ered. Divide the weight of the crystal by the weight of the crystal in water. Cooper1,2 & Brian J. Kimberlite is always found as volcanic pipes over deep (ancient) continental crust. Crumpler. Old kimberlite mine in the Cretaceous of Kentucky, USA. Diamonds are made of carbon and crystallise naturally under the immense pressure found deep below the Earth’s surface, more than 150 km down. Other Regions, Features and Areas. Amber Fossils. Below is an illustration from the Argyle DiamondThe article gives new experimental data on chemistry, phase composition, structure and physicochemical properties of surface of minerals composing metasomatically altered kimberlite rocks. Gahcho Kué is Canada's sixth diamond mine. Kimberlite whole rocks were leached with 2N HCl to remove the carbonate fraction which on analysis, yields Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratios between 0. In 2013, near an area called Camp Alpha, he discovered a new kimberlite pipe 500 meters long and 50 meters wide. RM A6X4DT – A yellow diamond embedded in a piece of kimberlite rock. It’s also the main source of diamonds, and its unusual characteristics lend it to studies that help us learn. 6 m. Rocks in Kansas. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Wajrakarur Kimberlites, Southern India. RM A6X4DT – A yellow. Id like to see some of that greenish blue clay. A type of igneous rock called kimberlite is known for carrying xenocrysts of diamonds to the surface, where they can be mined. Im attempting to locate the Gates-Adah Kimberlite pipe here in SW Pennsylvania to collect phlogopite mica megacrysts and pyrope garnets with an alexandrite effect. Ancient Artifacts. Renard 65, a diamondiferous pipe in the Neoproterozoic Renard kimberlite cluster (Québec, Canada), is a steeply-dipping and downward-tapering diatreme comprised of three pipe-filling units: kimb65a, kimb65b, and kimb65d. 5 - 3. new mexico earth matters 2. 1. The property is anticipated to support mining until at least 2028. Search Results for Kimberlite mine Stock Photos and Images (193) Page 1 of 2. 118 and 6. The photo on the left contains two different composition xenoliths. It got its name from the South African town Kimberley, where a massive 83. These can cost you from $1500 to $1600 USD. The rock from which the diamonds were extracted was creatively named kimberlite, after the town. Once a kimberlite is found there is no. Find Kimberlite Rock stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. Abstract. Host rocks to kimberlite vary greatly, but a fairly common setting is an Archaean basement overlain by younger sedimentary and volcanic strata; this arrangement is typical of many southern African and Canadian kimberlites. Coherent describes any intrusive or extrusive igneous rock (e. As the kimberlite magma approaches the earth's surface, contained volatiles exsolve from the magma and the fracture along which they. Kimberlite magma can rise toward the surface at speeds estimated at up to 400 meters (1,200 feet) per second, ripping up more and more pieces from the surrounding rock, which gives the kimberlite its characteristic texture (fig. 00. Changing the world one image at a time. ) and those presenting high temperature and high. copper ore. The major and trace-element compositions of the garnets were analyzed to determine their compositional specifics and genesis. Hundreds of these eruptions that occurred over the past 200 million. More importantly, Haggerty noticed a plant that seemed to grow only in the soil above the pipe. Therefore, we propose that the lithospheric mantle. The porphyritic texture of Kimberlite contains large, usually rounded crystals (phenocrysts) surrounded. The bedrock kimberlite source for the diamonds is unknown but has been presumed to be in northern Canada, the only area north of Wisconsin previously known to contain. , 1994). Hundreds of these eruptions that occurred over the past 200 million years have been discovered around the world. Deutsch; Español;Kimberlites are rare, enigmatic, low-volume igneous rocks. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. Sphalerite is the primary ore of zinc, taking the form of cubic crystals of zinc sulfide. g. #3 is a stone that tested positive to be diamond when i used my new diamond detector. Thread starter. The drilling process can be expensive and time-consuming, but it is. Gold Nugget. As shown in table 1, Diavik’s total mineral reserves at the end of 2015 were 18. Examples of such fracture systems are described in Delaney et al. Ive dedicated a daily walk through to my schedule sence December 2016. Kimberlites are volcanic eruptions that bring material from the depths where diamonds can form. (PhysOrg. The advance in studies related to kimberlites and the most in-depth studies on this subject has important contributions from South Africa, France, Australia, Brazil, Russia, and Canada with an extraordinary advance in the knowledge of kimberlite rocks, as well as their diamond potential, having as source the mines of South Africa, Australia. Diamonds occur in only two rock types on earth, kimberlites and lamproites, both rare in Kansas. Figure 1. Petrology of two diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths from the Lahtojoki kimberlite pipe, eastern Finland. kimberlite eruption, small but powerful volcanic eruption caused by the rapid ascent of kimberlites—a type of intrusive igneous rock originating in the asthenosphere—through the lithosphere and onto the surface of the Earth.